Political philosophy Essay Example for Free

Political philosophy Essay KNOWLEDGE IS FORMED AND ACQUIRED IN THE COURSE OF OUR LIFE THOUGH COGNITION AND IT IS NOT INBORN AND DEVELOPS FROM OUR OWN IGNORANCE. JOHN LOCKE COMPARED IT WITH TABULA RASA OR SOME SORT OF A BLANK SHEET UPON WHICH NOTHING IS WRITTEN. THESE ARE DATA OR IMAGES OF THE OBJECT WHICH STIMULATED OUR SENSE-ORGANS-SIGHT, HEARING, TOUCH, TASTE AND SMELL ARE, IN A MANNER OF SPEAKING, RAW-MATERIALS WHICH OUR BRAIN FORMS, THROUGH ABSTRACTION, INTO CONCEPTS OR IDEAS, AND WHICH WE EXPRESS IN SIGNS OR LANGUAGE. THERE ARE TWO OBSTACLES TO COGNITION THE BIASES WHICH BECLOUD THE HUMAN MIND AS â€Å"IDOLS† AND THE ERRORS IN REASONING WHICH ARE THE SO CALLED FALLACIES. REASONING IS A MEANS FOR ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE BUT IF IT IS FALLACIOUS IT CANNOT YIELD BUT DECEPTION. MOREOVER THERE ARE THREE THEORIES OF KNOWLEDGE NAMELY; EMPIRICISM, RATIONALISM AND INTUITIONISM. IN EMPIRICISM, KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIENCE IS A SENSE OF PERCEPTION WHICH MAY BE UNDERSTOOD AS DIRECT OBSERVATION BY THE SENSES OR INDIRECT BY USING INSTRUMENT OR BY EXPERIMENTATION. EMPIRICISM TEACHES THAT WHAT WE SEE, HEAR, TOUCH, OR SMELL, IS ALL THAT WE CAN KNOW. OUTSTANDING EXPONENTS OF EMPIRICISM WERE JOHN LOCKE, GEORGE BERKELEY, DAVID HUME AND THE SO-CALLED LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHERS. RATIONALISM MAINTAINS THAT REASON IS THE SOURCE AND TEST OF KNOWLEDGE AND NOT SENSE-PERCEPTION. KNOWLEDGE CONSISTS OF CONCEPTS WHICH GENERALIZE ABOUT THE NATURE OF REALITY SO THAT IT HAS A UNIVERSAL AND PERMANENT CHARACTER. IT IS THE REASON OR THE INTELLECT WHICH â€Å"MANUFACTURES† THE DATA INTO CONCEPTS, JUDGMENTS AND LAWS, AND THAT IS HOW OUR KNOWLEDGE IS FORMED. WHAT WE KNOW IS â€Å"WHAT WE HAVE THOUGHT OUT†, OR WHAT REASON HAS â€Å"ABSTRACTED† FROM THE DATA OF SENSE PERCEPTION. THE KNOWN DEFENDERS ARE PARMENIDES, PLATO OF ANCIENT GREECE, DESCARTES AND HEGEL OF THE MODERN WORLD. THE THIRD THEORY WHICH IS INTUITIONISM CLAIMS THAT THE SENSES CAN ONLY MIRROR THE APPEARANCE OF THINGS HENCE WHAT WE CALL SENSE-DATA, CANNOT TELL US WHAT THINGS ARE IN THEMSELVES. BUT THROUGH INTUITION, WE CAN HAVE â€Å"A FEEL† OF WHAT LIES BEYOND THE PHENOMENA CAPTURED BY OUR SENSES AND TRANSFORMED BY REASON INTO CONCEPTUAL SYMBOLS. INTUITION â€Å"INTUERE† (TO LOOK INTO) IS A DIRECT APPREHENSION OF KNOWLEDGE WHICH IS NOT THE RESULT OF CONSCIOUS REASONING OR IMMEDIATE PERCEPTION. ADD THE FACTS THAT THERE ARE TWO METHODS OF INTELLECTUAL INQUIRY, FIRST IS THE INTUITION THAT GRASPS THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF REALITY AND â€Å"TIME† AND THE SECOND IS ANALYSIS WHICH IS THE STABILITY AND PREDICTABILITY, BUT OFFERS ONLY â€Å"A PHOTOGRAPH† OR â€Å"A SNAPSHOT† OF WHAT IS ESSENTIALLY A DYNAMIC, ACTIVE WORLD THE ONLY WAY TO BRIDGE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE â€Å"OBJECT KNOWN† AND â€Å"THE KNOWER†, WE MUST USE â€Å"INTELLECTUAL SYMPATHY† THAT EXPERIENCES BEING AS A WHOLE, AS â€Å"A DYNAMIC CONTINUUM†. LASTLY, THERE ARE DIFFERENT NOTIONS OF TRUTH NAMELY THE CORRESPONDENCE THEORY, COHERENCE THEORY, PRAGMATIC THEORY AND THE MARXIST THEORY. EDUCATION: THE WORD EDUCATION COMES FROM THE LATIN VERB â€Å"EDUCERE† (TO LEAD) OR FROM â€Å"EDUCARE† (DRAW OUT). EDUCATION IS THE ART OF LEADING OR GUIDING A PERSON TO SOCIAL CULTURE SO THAT BY EXPOSING HIM TO ITS COMPLEXITIES AND HE MAY ACTUALIZE HIS Introduction to Philosophy POTENTIALITIES. EVERY PERSON, REGARDLESS OF RACE, GENDER OR CLASS HAS A DORMANT POWER WHICH IF DRAWN OUT OR DEVELOPED COULD EQUIP THE INDIVIDUAL TO FILL A VARIETY OF ROLES IN SOCIETY. EDUCATION AND TRAINING IS OF DIFFERENT MEANING. EDUCATION HAS TO DO WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHOLE PERSONALITY WHILE TRAINING DEALS WITH THE GAINING AND ACHIEVING OF SKILLS. THERE ARE AIMS OF EDUCATION; FIRST IS TO PREPARE. THE YOUNG FOR â€Å"CITIZENSHIP†-THE SUBTLE MEANS OF PROVIDING THE STATE IN ALONG RUN WITH FUTURE LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS WHO WOULD PUT INTEREST OF THE STATE AND NATION ABOVE SELF. SECOND AIM IS TO DEVELOP THE INDIVIDUAL â€Å"AS A MAN†- ENABLE THE INDIVIDUAL TO REALIZE HIS POTENTIAL POWERS AS A HUMAN BEING SO HE COULD BE FREE IN OUTLINING HIS OWN DESTINY. THIRD, IT SHOULD AIM TO PRESERVE THE PREVAILING SOCIAL SYSTEM BY WAY OF TRANSMITTING THE IDEAS, THE BELIEFS, THE VALUES AND THE PRACTICES OF SOCIETY. FOURTH, IT AIMS TO CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND IT MUST FOSTER  A NEW CONSCIOUSNESS THAT IS SUPPORTIVE OF THE PEOPLES DREAM AND STRUGGLE FOR A MORE JUST, HUMAINE AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY. FIFTH, IT SHOULD PREPARE US FOR ETERNAL LIFE IN A PARADISE TO COME AND LASTLY IT SHOULD AIM TO COMPREHENSIVELY PREPARE US TO BE A â€Å"WORKER† OR TO BE â€Å"A CITIZEN AND TO BE â€Å"A PERSON. †EDUCATION HAS AN IDEOLOGICAL CHARACTER. TO LITTLE, INDEED, DOES THE SCHOOL GOING TO PUBLIC SUSPECT THAT EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION CAN BE MANIPULATED BY VESTED GROUPS FOR THEIR OWN POLITICAL INTERESTS. TO SOME PEOPLE WHOSE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FORTUNES ARE ENTRENCHED THAT EDUCATION IS USED TO PROMOTE SOCIAL CONFORMITY AND AGREEMENT. TO OTHERS WHO HAVE NOTHING BUT THEIR STATE OF DEPRIVATION AND UNCERTAINTIES, EDUCATION CAN EMPOWER THEM TO STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL CHARGE. POLITICS: POLITICS IS A STRATEGY TO MAINTAIN ORDER AND COOPERATION AMONG PEOPLE OR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERING NEEDS AND IDEALS IN LIFE, OR FOR REVOLVING CONFLICT WITHIN THE GROUP WHETHER THIS BE A FAMILY, A TRIBE, A VILLAGE OR A NATION-STATE. IT MAY BE UNDERSTOOD AS A CONTROL OVER THE SITUATION SO THAT DIFFERENCES ARE RESOLVED AND PREVENTED. THERE ARE TWO MAIN APPROACHES TO POLITICS NAMELY; POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY HAS A SPECULATIVE AND NORMATIVE CHARACTER BECAUSE IT DEALS WITH THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS POLITICS â€Å"OUGHT TO BE† OR WHAT IT SHOULD BE WHILE POLITICAL SCIENCE IS EMPIRICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE IN NATURE BECAUSE ITS MAIN CONCERN IS THE ANALYSIS AND DEFINITION OF THE STATE AND ITS INSTRUMENTALITIES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THEIR FUNCTIONS. POLITICS IS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF GOVERNING SOCIETY IN THE PURSUIT OF COMMON GOOD THEN ITS CONCRETIZATION IS THE GOVERNMENT WHOSE AIM IS THE PEOPLE AND THE SECURITY AND WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE. FORTHETHREEGREATPHILOSOPHERSNAMELY;CONFUCIUS,PLATOANDNICCOLO. MACHIAVELLI TO BE GOOD RESPONSIBLE POLITICAL LEADERS OF STATE THERE ARE VERY ESSENTIAL QUALITIES TO BE CONSIDERED. FOR CONFUCIUS, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IS NOT FOR THE COMFORT AND ENJOYMENT OF THE RULERS, NOR ARE THEY SIMPLY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER, BUT FOR â€Å"THE HAPPINESS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE PEOPLE†. HE ALSO PRESCRIBED THAT THOSE WHO ASPIRE TO LEAD THE PEOPLE MUST POSSESS THE VIRTUES OF HUMAN-HEARTEDNESS, RRIGHTEOUSNESS, PPROPRIETY AND Introduction to Philosophy WISDOM. FOR PLATO, A PERSON’S LIFE IS ORDERLY OR â€Å"JUST† WHEN HIS REASON CONTROLS THE EMOTION AND TEMPERS THE APPETITES. THE THREE KINDS OF PEOPLE SHOULD POSSESS THREE ELEMENTS IN MAN. A RULER SHOULD EMBRACE REASON, THE SOLDIERS OR WARRIORS SHOULD DEAL WITH THEIR EMOTION AND THE ARTISANS OR ORDINARY PEOPLE SHOULD CONTROL THEIR APPETITES. ALL CITIZENS MUST UNDERGO RIGID PHYSICAL, INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL TRAINING. PLATO’S PHILOSOPHY ON EDUCATION WAS ONE OF SO CALLED SELECTION ELIMINATION. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI WROTE A BOOK ENTITLED, â€Å"THE PRINCE â€Å"POLITICS, AS AN EXERCISE OF POWER, SHOULD BE DIVORCED FROM MORALITY AND RELIGION. POLITICS HAS NO MORALITY; IT IS A NAKED POWER OF â€Å"EXPEDIENCY†. OR HIM AN EFFECTIVE LEADER IS BOTH. A FOX AND A LION, BOTH A MAN AND A BEAST AND BOTH GREAT PRETENDER OR GREAT DISSEMBLER. B. Analysis (Critique) KNOWLEDGE: THESEARCHFORKNOWLEDGEISANEVER-ENDINGADVENTURE LIKEWE’VESEENIN MOVIES AND PLAYS. THE WHOLE OF REALITY IS TOO VAST THAT WE CAN KNOW ONLY TOO LITTLE OF IT IN OUR SHORT LIFE-TIME; HENCE, IT WOULD BE THE HEIGHT OF INNOCENCE TO NARROW OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE, UNLESS WE CHOOSE TO CLOSE OUR MIND TO OTHER POSSIBILITIES. OUR KNOWLEDGE IS A PRODUCT OF ALL OUR ABILITIES, SENSATION, REASON AND INTUITION. AND O AGREE WITH THE SAYING THAT â€Å"KNOWLEDGE IS POWER†, A POWER TO RECREATE THE WORLD, A POWER TO CONSTRUCT A BETTER SOCIETY WHERE ALL MEN AND WOMEN COULD LIVE WITH DIGNITY, FREEDOM AND PEACE. I DO BELIEVE THAT THERE ARE ALWAYS MORE TO KNOW SINCE IT IS DYNAMIC AND TOO ENORMOUS. WE SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE THE GUTS, THE PASSION AND THE LOVE TO LEARN AND TO CONTINUE SEARCHING AND BUILDING ON THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE. NO DOUBT, KNOWLEDGE ADDS COLOR AND RELATIVE CHARACTER TO MAKE OUR LIFE WORTH LIVING AND SPENDING. OUR KNOWLEDGE SHOULD NOT BE AFFECTED NOR DISTORTED BY OUR OWN COGNITION. WE SHOULD KEEP IN MIND TO ALWAYS USE REASONING SINCE IT IS ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE NOT JUST BASING IT TO WHAT WE PERCEIVE. YES, WE CAN CONSTRUCT KNOWLEDGE BY OUR SENSES TO EVERY SITUATION WE’RE EXPERIENCING YET WE SHOULD ALWAYS BE RATIONAL. KNOW THE REASON TO EVERY DETAIL NOT TO JUSTIFY THINGS BUT RATHER TO BE REASONABLE IN JUDGING AND JUMPING TO CONCLUSIONS. KNOWLEDGE IS A STUFF OF REALITY; IT IS A WAY OF TRUTH AND NOT A WAY OF SEEMING OR GIVING OPINION. ALSO THE ONLY THING WE SHOULD NOT DOUBT IS THAT WE ALWAYS IN PARTICULAR SITUATION DOUBT. DON’T BE AFRAID TO DOUBT OR TO QUESTION THINGS BECAUSE IT IS A WAY OF ACQUIRING AND GAINING ALL WE NEED TO KNOW. ON THE OTHER HAND WE COULD STILL OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE THAT IT IS NOT THE SENSES, NOR REASON CAN PROVIDE ADEQUATE UNDERSTANDING OF REALITY BUT THE SO CALLED INTUITION. KNOWLEDGE IS AN INTERCONNECTED CHAIN WHEREIN THERE IS AN AGREEMENT WITH ONE SET OF KNOWLEDGE WITH ANOTHER SET OF IT. IT IS A CYCLE WITH NO BEGINNING AND ENDING. THE MORE WE BECOME CURIOUS THE MORE WE QUESTION AND THE MORE WE SEEK FOR THE ANSWER. WE ALWAYS HAVE THE PRIVILEGED TO OPEN OUR CLOSE UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD AND WE ARE FREE TO EXPLORE ITS LIMITATION AND BOUNDARY. WE ALWAYS HAVE THE KEY TO KNOW THE SECRETS OF THE REAL MEANING AND Introduction to Philosophy VALUE OF LIFE. WE SHOULD NOT STOP TRAVELLING THE BEAUTIFUL AND COLOURFUL JOURNEY OF OUR EXISTENCE AND DON’T STOP TO STRIVE AND TO GAIN THE PERFECT AND UNDYING KNOWLEDGE. EDUCATION: SINCE WE ARE SEARCHING FOR KNOWLEDGE, HAVING AN EDUCATION IS OF GREAT HELP. IT IS A VITAL INSTRUMENT TO EXPLORE OUR LIMITATION AND TO GO BEYOND THE HORIZON. HAVING AN EDUCATION IS LIKE SEEING A RAINBOW AFTER A RAIN SHOWER; IT ADDS COLOR AND MEANING AFTER THE SUDDEN DARKNESS. WE SHOULD NOT JUST BE TRAINED, WE MUST BE EDUCATED. BEING EDUCATION FOR ME IS OPENING THE WINDOWS OF OUR MIND AND SOUL. WE SHOULD PUT EFFORT TO UNDERSTAND, TO COMPREHEND, AND TO BE SENSITIVE TO IDEAS, ASPIRATIONS AND INTEREST TO WHICH WE MIGHT OTHERWISE BE INDIFFERENT TO EACH OTHER. WE SHOULD NOT JUST BE CONTENTED JUST TO BE TRAINED BECAUSE IT SIMPLY MEANS WE JUST WANT TO IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO DO SOMETHING WITHOUT DEEPENED UNDERSTANDING, WIDENED SYMPATHY OR HEIGHTENED ASPIRATIONS FOR IT. THERE SHOULD BE A COMMON AGREEMENT ON WHAT IS EDUCATION SHOULD AIM AND DEFINE THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATION WITH NO BIAS AND FAIR CHANCES TO PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL POSITIONS AND SHOULD NOT BE IN HARMONY WITH THEIR FUNDAMENTAL INTERESTS. IT WOULD BE AN ILLUSION TO EXPECT THE PREVAILING EDUCATION TO BE TRULY TRANSFORMATIVE AND LIBERATING BECAUSE OF TODAY’S INEQUALITY ESPECIALLY IN SOCIAL STATUS ASPECTS THUS THERE IS A NEED TO RE-INVENT EDUCATION SO THAT IT WILL FOSTER A NEW AWARENESS AND PERSPECTIVE THAT IS SUPPORTIVE AND REFLECTIVE TO OUR ASPIRATIONS AND STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION. POLITICS: EDUCATION HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES IS AFFECTED BY MANY FACTORS SUCH AS THE KIND OF POLITICS WE HAVE. I DO BELIEVE THAT POLITICS SHOULD FUNCTION AND AIMS TO GO AFTER THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE AND NOTHING ELSE BUT THE SECURITY AND NEEDS OF PEOPLE. POLITICS IS BOTH A FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY. IT IS POWER YET WHEN USED IN A WRONG WAY OR BECOME A PURSUIT AND CHASE OF PERSONAL INTERESTS COULD BE ABUSED. POLITICS IS NOT JUST A SYSTEM ITSELF BUT A SYSTEM OF IDEAS WITH MISSION AND FUNCTIONS. IN SPITE OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN OUR COUNTRY WE COULD STILL PURSUE A FAIR, JUST, HONEST AND RESPONSIBLE POLITICAL SYSTEM. WE COULD STILL MAKE A CHANGE. ASIDE FROM BEING A GOOD AND RELIABLE FOLLOWER WE COULD CHOOSE AND ELECT GOOD AND RIGHT POLITICAL LEADERS ESPECIALLY WITH OUR DEMOCRATIC TYPE OF SYSTEM. WE NEED TO BE RESPONSIBLE ENOUGH TO DESIGNATE THE FIT AND APPROPRIATE RULER WITH THEIR BEST QUALITY AND CHARACTER. WE SHOULD CAREFULLY ANALYSE AND EVALUATE A POLITICAL RULER WHO HAS THE INTEREST IN SERVING THE PEOPLE WITH SINCERITY AND SHOULD NOT JUST MAINTAIN HIMSELF OR HERSELF IN POWER. C. Contextualization KNOWLEDGE: Introduction to Philosophy FILIPINO IS A KNOWLEDGE SEEKER AND SO EXPLORATIVE WHEN IT COMES TO NOURISH AND DEVELOP THEIR LEARNING AND ABILITIES. WE HAVE SO MANY PROUD KABABAYAN WHO ARE SO PASSIONATE AND DETERMINE IN ACQUIRING SUCH KNOWLEDGE THEY ARE LOOKING FOR. SOME OF US EVEN TRY TO GO TO OTHER COUNTRY FOR THEIR SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE. WE ARE NOT CONTENTED WITH JUST HAVING A KNOWLEDGE THAT IS ALREADY IN FRONT OF US. WE USUALLY GET OUT OF THE BOX AND GO BEYOND THE HORIZON. AND BECAUSE OF THIS PERSEVERANCE, MANY FILIPINOS FROM DIFFERENT FIELD BECOME SUCCESSFUL AND FAMOUS. MANY JOBS AND OPPORTUNITIES BECOME OPEN TO FILIPINOS BECAUSE OF THEIR ABILITY AND PASSION TO LEARN. EDUCATION: PUBERTY BECOMES A BARRIER TO ATTAIN THE GOAL OF HAVING A BETTER EDUCATION. NOWADAYS, AS YOU LOOK WITH THE STATUS OF OUR COUNTRY, PHILIPPINES I MUST SAY THAT WE OUR STRUGGLING ESPECIALLY THE UNFORTUNATE INDIVIDUAL TO GET SUCH APPROPRIATE AND GOOD QUALITY OF EDUCATION. IN OUR COUNTRY; LIVING STATUS AFFECTS A LOT IN MAINTAINING A GOOD QUALITY OF EDUCATION. THERE ARE SO MANY FAMILIES WHO BATTLE FOR FINANCING THE OTHER EXPENSES OF THEIR CHILD LIKE PROJECT AND DAILY TRANSPORTATION AND FOOD ALLOWANCE. FOR AN UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILY WITH INCOME THAT IS NOT ENOUGH WITH THEIR DAILY CONSUMPTION, HAVING A BUDGET FOR EDUCATION COULD BE A LEAST PRIORITY. MANY OF THE YOUTH TODAY EVEN THEY WANT TO CONTINUE THEIR COLLEGE JUST COULD NOT BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO WORK TO SUPPORT AND PROVIDE FINANCIALLY FOR THEIR FAMILY. ALSO IT IS COMMON, IN SOME FAR BARRIOS MANY FILIPINO CHILDREN BEFORE THEY COULD REACH THE NEAREST SCHOOL FROM THEIR HOUSE THEY NEED TO STRUGGLE AND WALK ON RIVERS AND EVEN SOME SLOPPY MOUNTAIN BEFORE THEY CAN GET THERE. IN SPITE THEIR DEDICATION TO BE EDUCATED, SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND GOOD LEARNING FACILITIES AND MATERIALS IS NOT ENOUGH TP ACCOMMODATES LARGE POPULATION IN OUR COUNTRY. ALSO CORRUPTION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR REASONS WHY NUMBER OF FILIPINO IS UNABLE TO AVAIL THEIR RIGHTS TO BE EDUCATED. INSTEAD OF FINANCING THE EDUCATION SECTOR, THE MONEY OF FILIPINOS GOES TO THE POCKET OF THOSE WHO ARE GREED AND SELFISH OFFICIALS. NO DOUBT, PHILIPPINES IS A RICH COUNTRY WITH ITS SPLENDID NATURAL RESOURCES YET OUR MONEY COULD NOT EVEN FINANCIALLY PROVIDE AND GIVE STABLE WORKS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO THOSE WHO NEED JOBS. POLITICS: IT BEEN AN ORDINARY SCENARIO DURING ELECTION THAT THERE ARE SO MANY UNNECESSARY ACTIONS TOOK PLACE LIKE VOTE BUYING, BALLOT RESULT CHEATING, KILLING OF POLITICAL RIVALRY, AND THE LIKES JUST FOR THOSE SELF-CENTRED ASPIRANT OFFICIALS TO WIN THE SAID ELECTION. AND EVEN AFTER THE ELECTION, DURING THEIR SERVING YEARS SO MANY VOID PRACTICE IS BEEN HAPPENING. CORRUPTION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES. MANY ELECTED POLITICAL OFFICIALS ABUSE THE POWER GIVEN TO THEM FOR THEIR OWN INTERESTS. TODAY’S ISSUE IS WHAT THEY CALLED PORK BARREL SCANDAL WHEREIN THE BUDGET ALLOTTED AND GIVEN TO POLITICAL OFFICIAL FOR THEIR PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS THAT SHOULD AND MUST HELP FILIPINO GOES TO POCKET OF JUST SOME PEOPLE. FINGER POINTING AND HAND WASHING THAT THEY DON’T USE ANY OF THE PUBLIC MONEY FOR THEIR OWN WELFARE IS STILL ON INVESTIGATION AND NOT YET ANSWERED. Introduction to Philosophy INSTITUTIONALIZING IS ALSO HAPPENING IN OUR COUNTRY AND THE MOST AFFECTED ARE THE PUBLIC ESPECIALLY THE POOR. IT IS ALSO COMMON IN OUR POLITICAL SYSTEM HAVING A FAMILY DYNASTY WHEREIN THE POWER IN MANY PLACES IS JUST IN THE HAND OF ONE FAMILY. EVEN WE ALREADY HAVE AUTOMATED KIND OF ELECTION SYSTEM, WE STILL STRUGGLE TO HAVE THE FAIR AND JUST POLITICAL SYSTEM WE ARE LOOKING AND HOPING TO ACHIEVE. LASTLY, WE FILIPINOS STILL ELECTING WRONG PUBLIC SERVANT. WE ARE STILL BLIND WITH THEIR LOOKS, WHETHER THEY ARE CELEBRITIES OR IF EVEN THEY TEND TO FINISH THEIR EDUCATION AND WITH THEIR FLOWERING PROMISES AND WORDS. WE NEVER REALLY PRACTICE A CRITICAL JUDGEMENT TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT AND THE GOOD STATE RULER. D. Evaluation 1. SUBJECT THE SUBJECT PHILOSOPHY REALLY HELPED ME TO BE OPEN-MINDED AND CRITICALLY INCLINED WITH EVERYTHING AROUND ME. WE HAVE SO MANY THINGS WE STILL NEED TO KNOW AND ACQUIRE YET PHILOSOPHY SERVES AS AN ASSISTING TOOL TO REALLY KNOW THE MEANING OF OUR OWN EXISTENCE AND THE REAL MEANING OF OUR LIFE AND ITS PURPOSE. MY CLOSED WORLD BECOMES EXPOSED WITH WHAT IS REALLY HAPPENING. 2. PROF SIR RODERICK CENTENO IS A VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE, RESPECTED AND FULL OF SENSE KIND OF PROFESSOR IN PHILOSOPHY. WE REALLY ENJOYED LISTENING TO HIS LECTURES ABOUT PHILOSOPHY. IT SO REFRESHING THAT WHILE LEARNING WE’VE ABLE TO HAVE FUN AND ENJOY EVERY LEARNING AND DISCUSSION. THE REPORTING IS A GOOD WAY FOR US STUDENT TO EXPRESS OUR PERSPECTIVES AND OPINIONS ON THINGS. IT HELPS TO BOOST OUR INTEREST AND AWARENESS ON THE THINGS THAT BEFORE WE REALLY DON’T HAVE CARE AND IS NONE OF OUR BUSINESS. THE REFLECTION WRITING ACTIVITIES IS A USEFUL FOR US TO HAVE SECOND THOUGHTS TO EVERY ISSUE AND DECISIONS. AND I OBSERVED THAT SIR GIVES IMPORTANCE IN MANAGING HIS AND OUR TIME. Introduction to Philosophy.

Great Expectations: Pip’s Views of Expectations Essay -- Great Expectat

Great Expectations – Discuss Pip’s views of expectations and how they affect him. The novel Great Expectations is focused around the theme of a young male’s expectations and how they rule his life. It tells us the effects they have on people and the negative impact they have on Pip’s life. The Title to the novel â€Å"Great Expectations† totally contradicts the main theme in the book, as the expectations turn out to be not so great after all. The book is split up into 3 sections of Pip’s â€Å"Great Expectations†, all of these sections show us how Pip’s life has been affected by these expectations. Throughout the novel we see how expectations have left their mark on Pip’s life. Chapter one is were we are introduced to the main character Pip. Our first impression of Pip is that he is naà ¯ve, innocent and lonely young boy, the fact that Pip refers to his mother as â€Å"Georgina, wife of the above† tells us that he has received no guidance or teaching in his life and is unaware of his surroundings. Pip is then dramatically changed by his expectations when Pip first meets Mrs Havisham. He is introduced to a whole new view of life, and realises he is not as happy as he thinks he is. Pip in a way blames his upbringing as he says, â€Å"My sisters bringing up made me sensitive.† When introduced to Estella Pip is infatuated by her and when she says how â€Å"coarse† and â€Å"common† he is, he feels embarrassed and humiliated. This is the turning point of Pip’s life, his blinding obsession with Estella makes him determined to become the gentleman that she wants, guided by his expectations. Pip’s expectations are acted upon many different characters throughout the novel, and nearly most of the time they have a negative effect on othe... ...y aren’t all they what seem to be. Overall throughout this book expectations play a big role, we see how they rule Pip’s life and how they can affect others in many different ways. We see how Pip’s life ends up in a good way and that how expectations can blind others from reality. Money can change anybody and Pip was no exception. When Pip is poor he truly wants to be a gentlemen, he has great expectations for himself. Pip feels embarrassed that his family has no money. Pips pride corrupts him and blinds him from how he is treating Joe. Expectations are extremely significant throughout this novel and they show us what they can do if you are obsessed with them. In Victorian society it was an extremely sought after dream to be wealthy and well respected, Pip was a victim of this view and eventually realised that a gentleman is something more than riches.

Food Contamination Essay

Introduction When food is unsafe for consumption is called food contamination. Food contamination occurs when foods are spoiled because they might contain microorganisms, such as bacteria , parasites, or toxic substances that make them unsafe for consumption.Bacteria and parasites on uncooked food can linger on the food if not handle or cooked properly. Food contamination is serious because it results in diseases that affect appromiaxally seventy-six million people in the United States, 300,000 leading hospitalizations and an estimate of 5,000 deaths yearly. Signs you should look for when contaminated food is consumed like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal, cramping, and fever. While food poisoning is often caused by bacteria, it can also result from eating poisonous plants some mushrooms for instance and animals pufferfish. Every year more than 76 million people get sick from food poisoning, especially during the summer when food may not be kept cold enough to stop bacteria from growing. when contaminated food is consumed it can last about 2 days. When Hands are not wash in between foods like meat to vegetables. Raw meat has many bacteria on its surface and when hands touch it and then it touches the vegetables your hands are transferring the bacteria to the vegetables. since people normally don’t cook vegetable like lettuce and carrots they are eating all the bacteria and viruses that is on the vegetable surface. Contaminated food can be cause by the environment because pesticides, heavy metals, and other chemical agents can enter the food supply.There are many chances for food to become contaminated as it is produced and distributed to markets and resturant salmonella, E. Coli, shigella, campylobacter, and botulism are some common types of bacteria that can contaminate foods. Salmonellae is mostly found in the intestinal tract of animals.. salmonellae occurs most often in institutions like child care centers and nursing homes. Shigella occur in the gastrointestinal tract of men.What can cause Campylobacter is handling raw food poorly and eating raw poultry meat. Campylobacter has the foremost cause of diarrheal illness in the United States.a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin this is called Botulism which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. A major cause of food borne illnesses is Escherichia coli. E. Coli resides in intestines and these are harmless. Chapter One: Social life Impact When people cross path with food contamination they get effect with bacteria and viruses that the body can’t fight off causing them to become sick. Food poisoning last at least 2 days and people have job to attend but they can’t because the are to sick to work. each day they are sick they are losing money and can not take care of their families. Resturants get affect by food contamination because they can possibly lose costumer or even shut down.An American’s home is the most likely place where that person will suffer the effects of food contamination – although restaurants generate more headlines and more concern for most people.the growth of certain bacteria, and is a concern of the business as well as the consumer. A single case of food poisoning can instantly cause a restaurant to no longer exist. To prevent contamination which might result in illness, chopping boards should be sanitized thoroughly and frequently. The employees’ hands should also be washed regularly. It is acceptable to handle raw food with bare hands, however with cooked or ready to eat food disposable gloves or other utensils such as spoons, spatulas, or tongs should be used. Latex gloves should be changed at least once every hour or if they become torn or contaminated. It is never acceptable to reuse gloves after they have been removed once (Public Health). Chapter Two: Environment Impact The enviroment can play a major part on food contamination simply because of the animal living condition. When animals are slaughter there fecal matter can be crossed contaminated with the meat causing contaminated poultry.Contaminated water that contains animal manure and human sewage can cause fresh fruits and vegetables to be contaminated. Food processing is also possible to contaminate from infected food handlers. Poor hygiene in the home can also be a factor of many bacteria on raw food.Among the most serious food-borne diseases is Salmonella enteriditis, usually found in raw and undercooked eggs and which can cause death from salmonellosis. Salmonella is generally to be considered the chief among the microbiological threats from the food supply. Symptoms include nausea, fever, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting but careful Chapter Three: Economic Impact Farmers are losing money when they are producing contaminated product. Restaurants and food market will not buy there products because they are contaminated. If restaurants buy contaminated food they lose money in two way. one way is they buying food products that are contaminated and they can’t use them the second way is if they use the contaminated food people can get food posioning and can threaten the business by the lose of costumers and possible chance of the restaurant shutting down.People are rediscovering the beneï ¬ ts of buying local food. It is good for your local economy because buying directly from family farmers in your area helps them stay in business. There are between 20 million and 40 million reported cases of food contamination annually in this country with the cost in medical bills, lost wages and product recalls as high as $10 billion, according to federal estimates caused by the microbial contamination of such foods as poultry, eggs, dairy and seafood. economic impact of food poisoning is substantial. The United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that food poisoning costs the United States between 5 and 6 billion dollars annually in direct medical care and lost productivity the Refrences http://www.diet.com/g/food-contamination http://www.emedicinehealth.com/food_poisoning/page3_em.htm#Food%20Poisoning%20Symptoms http://www.vanderbilt.edu/ans/psychology/health_psychology/types.htm

Demystifying Six Sigma - a Company-Wide Approach to...

Demystifying Six Sigma This page intentionally left blank Demystifying Six Sigma A Company-Wide Approach to Continuous Improvement Alan Larson American Management Association New York †¢ Atlanta †¢ Brussels †¢ Buenos Aires †¢ Chicago †¢ London †¢ Mexico City San Francisco †¢ Shanghai †¢ Tokyo †¢ Toronto †¢ Washington, D. C. Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details, contact Special Sales Department, AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Tel.: 212-903-8316. Fax: 212-903-8083. Web Site: www.amacombooks.org This publication is designed to provide accurate and†¦show more content†¦We were able to reduce costs, improve efficiencies, and maximize customer satisfaction in all operations. Within the manufacturing operations, we reduced the cost of sales by 30 percent. In administrative and service functions, we reduced cycle times and cost by as much as 90 percent. In 1990 and 1991 our division was used as the internal benchmark for service and administrative quality. This success was based on creating a Six Sigma culture in which goals and objectives were clearly defined and communicated, the creation of a six-step continuous improvement model utilizing the JUSE (Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers) seven problem-solving tools, and the effective management of the change. This book is written so that others can learn and apply these techniques. This book consists of three sections. Section One is about how to identify the need for a Six Sigma program and how to establish a Six Sigma culture. Section Two teaches a pragmatic six-step continuous improvement model. This continuous improvement model can be learned and used by all employees in manufacturing, administration, and service operations. Section Three presents methods for managing ix x P R E FAC E the change and a guide on what to expect during the phases of implementation. Benefits toShow MoreRelatedImplementation of Lean Manufacturing Tools in Garment Manufacturing Process Focusing Sewing Section of Men’s Shirt17575 Words   |  71 Pagesof 100 pieces from around 500 to 1500 pieces. Apart from these tangible benefits operator multi-skilling as well as the flexibility of style changeover has been improved. This study is conducted in the stitching section of a shirt manufacturing company. Study includes time studies, the conversion of traditional batch production into single piece flow and long assembly line into small work cells. Key Words: Lean manufacturing, Just In Time, Cellular manufacturing, Time study, Single Piece Flow 4

Definition and Examples of Pronoun Agreement

Essay about The Struggles Facing LD Students - 1306 Words

The Struggles Facing LD Students Students with learning disabilities are a part of the educational system and they always will be. These students have a single goal in mind, but their disability and social barriers keep them from it. On the other hand, educators have pledged to teach all students, but some fail to teach LD students. This represents an ethical, moral, and legal breakdown of their responsibilities. Educators need to be properly trained and aware of how to meet the needs of these students. The lack of such leads to failure. Students fail because they are afflicted by a disability that forces them to learn in unconventional ways. Teachers fail because they do not embrace the challenge brought about by the diversity of the†¦show more content†¦These processes are involved in understanding or using language (spoken or written) and affect the ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do math. Scientists at the National Institute of Health theorize that learning disabilities stem from subtle disturbances in the brains structures and functions. Learning disabilities do not include children who experience learning problems as a result of visual, hearing or motor handicaps. It also does not include children affected by mental retardation, or by environmental, cultural or economic disadvantages. Students with learning disabilities can learn, but they learn differently. It is up to the general education teachers to find a meaningful way of teaching these students. The teachers purpose is to teach all students; however, often it is not the case for students who have a learning disability. Educators fear how learning disabilities alter the learning modes of these students. This fear leads to a biased relationship between educator and student. This failed relationship leads to failure and frustration and encourages distrust. The educators, unable to make the student learn, see themselves as failures, and the students who have the learning disabilities become frustrated and discouraged. Educators grow to resent and dislike all students, who are different, especially if the difference is caused by a learning disability. A student with a learning disability is more like a personShow MoreRelatedPoverty In Pocatello, Idaho757 Words   |  4 Pageshave a sever poverty rate in eastern Idaho that will only continue to rise. A joined force was established in order to confront this problem in our community. As students who are studying Social Work, our duty is to advocate for people who are struggling and are needing assistance. Our group consist of five Idaho State University Students who are determined to address these issues, and to bring awareness to a respected organization that continues to service all eastern Idaho. Our project will mainlyRead MoreThe Telephone, Lewis Carroll2226 Words   |  9 Pagescommon? They were diagnosed with dyslexia. Growing, developing, and learning are the facts of life for all children. They are faced with understanding new concepts and challenges daily but imagine what it would be like facing new concepts and challenges life has to offer but facing them with a learning disability. Most people think of learning disabilities as something that only affects them upon entering school but, in reality, children with learning disabilities suffer from the moment they beginRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s All Summer1476 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch paper I began to think about what struggles I faced as an eighth grade teacher. I currently teach general education, an integrated co-teaching (ICT) class, and an ESL class in a widely culturally diverse school in Queens. In the last two years I also taught honors classes. I notice that the biggest challenge facing students from all my classes was reading comprehension. It was evident very early on in my teaching career that many struggling students w ho can technically read quite well don’tRead MoreAdhd And Comprehension Strategies For Students With Adhd5462 Words   |  22 Pagesprovide effective comprehension support for students labeled with ADHD. ADHD students struggle with comprehension and there is limited research on comprehension strategies for these student. This is a qualitative research study that proposes to find useful comprehension strategies for students with ADHD. The literature points to a need for further research in this area. The participants of the study are 1st to 4th grade teachers that teach students diagnosed with ADHD. The duration of the studyRead MoreSituational Analysis: 7th Grade Language Arts6569 Words   |  26 Pagesbuilding a cooperative learning environment that contributes to the confidence of students in sharing their ideas. This confidence is built around an understanding that the students have, that they are to respect each other and their ideas. There are multiple ethnicities represented in this classroom, therefore it is paramount that everybody respects each other and appreciates what others have to say. The students understand that in order for there to be an effective learning environment, they needRead MoreMadison Metropolitan School District18559 Words   |  75 Pagesprofessional development. Five Phases of Action Research Phase I - Problem Identification: * Why do you want to do it?   Is it an important and practical problem, something worth your time and effort, something that could be beneficial to you, your students and others? * Is the problem stated clearly and in the form of a question?   Is it broad enough to allow for a range of insights and findings?   Is it narrow enough to be manageable within your timeframe and your daily work? Phase II - PlanRead MoreAcca F5111177 Words   |  445 Pages11 A Co 12 Yam Co (6/09) n/a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 n/a 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 59 62 64 65 67 69 72 73 76 78 79 81 Part B: Decision-making techniques 13 Preparation question: Linear programming 14 LD Co 15 Higgins Co (6/08, amended) 16 RB Co 17 New product 18 Ennerdale 19 John Robertson 20 Pixie Pharmaceuticals 21 Sniff Limited (12/07, amended) 22 Bits and Pieces (6/09) 23 BDU Co 24 Envico (PM, 12/05, amended) 25 Rotanola 26 SH (12/08, amended)Read MoreToys Project34340 Words   |  138 PagesTatjana MEDIC UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA PODIPLOMSKI STUDIJ SPECIALISATION THESIS International Business Strategy Of Toysâ€Å"R†Us For The Norwegian Market Ljubljana, May 2002 Tatjana MEDIC Conformation Tatjana Medic, a student of the University of Economics in Ljubljana, hereby confirms to be the author of this specialisation thesis written under the guidence of Professor Tone Hrastelj. 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Quality Maintenance in Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Quality Maintenance in Healthcare. Answer: Introduction The ministry of Health Department in New Zealand has focused their concern in the development of the quality of healthcare services that are provided to the different citizens of the nation. This initiative had been proposed after the health department had thoroughly analysed the needs of various patients who come to seek service at the healthcare sectors. The concerned ministry have placed importance on each and every stakeholder in the healthcare sectors including who works in the healthcare system, the persons who come to seek service form them and the system itself to commit their dedication to the development and improvement of quality in the services provided and received in the sectors (Gilmour et al., 2016). The Ministry of healthcare dependent had set up a vision for the welfare of the citizens that include enhancement of the quality of the New Zealand healthcare sectors and the disability sectors. The ministry believes that it can be achieved by people cantered care and high quality and safe practices which should not only improve at a continuous rate but should be also culturally competent. They advise every stakeholder of the healthcare sectors to involve patients in the services they provide and at the same time be receptive and responsive to the demands of the patients needs and values (Healy, 2016). This will take into inclusion both individuals and groups of population as a whole. They have mainly adopted a system approach because provision of healthcare service is complex and involves decision making skills and action occurring attributes within peoples, individuals, teams, organisations and also subsystems. This approach was found to be helpful in benefitting the patients which involved individual patients and their families as whole (Clifford et al., 2015). It becomes extremely important to understand the proper meaning of the term quality before ensuring it in the healthcare services. Quality in this aspect can be defined as the degree which when successfully achieved in the service can ensure better survivability rate of patients, increasing likelihood of leading better lives, attaining desired health outcomes, encouraging patients with disability to become independent and participate in their treatments and feel themselves included in the treatment with proper education and current professional knowledge. This quality can be achieved only when proper interactions with fruitful results are possible within people, individuals, organisations, teams and systems (Gorman et al., 2015). The main aspects on which the Ministry had paid importance in these contexts are maintenance of people centred approach that ensures maintenance of dignity and morals of the stakeholders involved. It also pays significance to the fact that every of the individuals should have equal access to healthcare services irrespective of their caste, creed, religion and ethnicity. Developments should also be taken so that equity can be maintained in healthcare services irrespective of their socio economic backgrounds to which the individuals or the groups belong to. Maintenance of safety in every of the practices along with paying importance to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the services should be ensured for quality development. These would ultimately help in the achievement of efficiency in the different skills and knowledge of the concerned staffs so that the best quality service can be provided. All the important aspects were proposed by the Ministry to be dependent on the most valu able foundations of three important principles governing partnership, participation and protection maintained as the Treaty of Waitangi (Gauld Horsburg, 2014). Quality assurance activities mainly focused not only on maintenance of quality but also on quality improvements. This activities followed approaches which included the clear explanation of concern of quality which should be vested in teams. It also included proper monitoring and evaluation of the quality that is being exhibited through services. This would in turn help in further modifications if needed. Paying significance to the improvement of services to achieve desired outcomes should be the motto of each individual and also as a team (Dyall et al., 2014). Moreover they should also take initiatives which would help them to develop systems and invest in people with an aim of achieving outcomes in health which are of high quality. The goals of the system approach involved maintenance of special relationship with the Maori providing values to the principle of the treaty of Waitangi and exhibiting high quality leadership traits for maintaining service quality improvements taking Maori aspirations and priorities in mind. People were expected to take part in planning, delivery and assessment in healthcare services involving participation of Maori, spreading awareness, evolutionary redesigning of systems, building trustworthy relationships with all participants and many others. Motivational environment should be encouraged containing cultural competency tools; using knowledge including Maori satisfaction was proposed to support quality conscious culture ("Improvement Quality System Approach", 2017). A number of standards were also initiated nationwide for quality assurance programmes like the Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of the Health and Disability Services Consumers Rights) Regulations 1996, National Screening Standards and the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Bill and others. Funding came from the DHBs which are responsible for services with advisory committee including the Mortality Review Committees and National Health Epidemiology and Quality Assurance Advisory Committee. Since the time of 1983, the New Zealand health sectors have gone through a number of four structural transformations. In course of time, with each change, new organisations have come forward to help in funding. The first one was the 1983-1993 Area Health Boards (AHBs) which was followed by 1993-1997 Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) as well as Crown Health Enterprises (CHEs). Moreover there were instances when 1998-2001 Health Funding Authority (HFA)was also witnessed. Hospital and Health Services (HHSs) also helped. 2001 District Health Boards (DHBs) had been seen as well ("New Zealand Health System Reforms", 2017). All of them have helped in achieving health outcomes and also helped in increase of efficiency and accountability. They also helped in reduction of health expenditure. If one looks over the activities of 200, the main body of work was the District Health Boards called the DHB. This age mainly saw the 21 DHBS that was established along with the centralisation of health f unding with MOH. Emphasis was based on preventive health services. PHOs were established in 2002 and were funded by DHBs. In October 2007, low care practices were introduced that were backed up with governmental subsidies with free service for children under six. Presently there are 82 PHOs having 4 million enrolees. The practices done by GP vary between PHOs and their own practices and are monitored by DHBs and as well as independent Fee Review Committee ("New Zealand Health System Reforms", 2017). Fees of GPs are published under the guidance of DHBs and also on PHO websites. Recently not for profit organisations have also come to scenarios along with community organisations, third party organisations looking after the Maoris. Fig: Different important bodies involved in proper monitoring and evaluation of healthcare services in New Zealand. Source: ("New Zealand Health System Reforms", 2017) From the entire essay, it can easily be concluded that the system approach undertaken by the Ministry of Health in New Zealand in developing the quality of service in healthcare is thoroughly researched. It contains of many attributes which are not only evidence based but also ensures that they cover every prospect of healthcare systems required to ensure safe practice. They have included the principles of the treaty of Waitangi in each of the goals that they have set so that the entire nation can get the benefit and no one feels left out. They have incorporated important bodies into the plans which not only helped in funding but also helped in evaluations and monitoring mechanisms. Hence this initiative by the government is praiseworthy and if followed whole heartedly by every stakeholder, it can ensure better future for New Zealand healthcare systems. References: Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), 89-98. Dyall, L., Kepa, M., Teh, R., Mules, R., Moyes, S., Wham, C., ... Loughlin, H. (2014). Cultural and social factors and quality of life of Maori in advanced age. Te puawaitanga o nga tapuwae kia ora tonu-Life and living in advanced age: a cohort study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ). Gauld, R., Horsburgh, S. (2014). Measuring progress with clinical governance development in New Zealand: perceptions of senior doctors in 2010 and 2012.BMC health services research,14(1), 547. Gilmour, J., Strong, A., Chan, H., Hanna, S., Huntington, A. (2016). Primary health?care nurses and Internet health information?seeking: Access, barriers and quality checks.International journal of nursing practice,22(1), 53-60. Gorman, D. (2015). Developing health care workforces for uncertain futures.Academic Medicine,90(4), 400-403. Healy, J. (2016).Improving health care safety and quality: reluctant regulators. Routledge. Improvement Quality System Approach. (2017).www.health.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/improvingqualitysystemsapproach.pdf New Zealand Health System Reforms. (2017).www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLSocRP09031/new-zealand-health-system-reforms